Darmstadt, February 1995 Meteosat Data Service Meteosat Exploitation Project European Space Operations Centre Robert Bosch Str. 5 D64293 Darmstadt Federal Republic of Germany The present CD-ROM has been produced by the Meteosat Exploitation Project in the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. ESOC is part of the European Space Agency (ESA), Paris, France, which operates the Meteosat Operational Programme on behalf of EUMETSAT, the European organisation for the exploitation of meteorological satellites based also in Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. The short term 5 months rolling Meteosat archive is financed by Eumetsat. The long term archive (after 5 months) is financed by the European Space Agency as part of the ESA Observation of the Earth and its Environment Programmes. The ESA Meteosat archive contains the data delivered by the Meteosat series of satellites since 1978. It is managed by the Meteosat Data Service. The following chapters of the present document will make the reader familiar with the Meteosat archive, with its products and with the Meteosat Data Service. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. THE METEOSAT DATA SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. METEOSAT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. THE ARCHIVE SUBSYSTEM AND DATA ARCHIVING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. DIGITAL ARCHIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1 Image Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2 Rectified Image Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3 Image Window Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.4 Meteorological Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.5 Retrieval of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.6 Real Time Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1 Basic Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2 Computer Enlargements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. LIST OF METEOSAT PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.1 Photographic Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.2 Digital Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7. CATEGORIES OF USERS AND CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8. PUBLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.2 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.3 Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9. PRICE LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 10. INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1. THE METEOSAT DATA SERVICE The function of the Meteosat Data Service is to provide the user with a point of access to the data products of the Meteosat System. However the service excludes those products normally made available via the satellite as part of the daily operational dissemination schedule. The following information intends to describe the full range of Data Service products. The Potential user can use this information to order the required data, but may also wish to consult one or more of the detailed catalogues of available data listed in Section 9. In particular Volume 12 of the Meteosat System Guide complements this data, and describes the details of the magnetic tape and CD-ROM formats on which digital data are supplied. Requests for Meteosat data should be sent directly to the Meteosat Data Service, the address of which appears at the top of this document. The services offered range from the supply of photographic and digital images to publications on various aspects of the Meteosat System. The aim of this document is to supply the user with information on all the services available, together with a brief description of the archive system and items such as charges made for each type of service. The data supplied to the user originates from two basic archives which were started during the early days of the Meteosat System: - The archive of photographic negatives - The archive of digital files Information on the data available from the Meteosat archive can be obtained from three publications: - The Meteosat Catalogue of Digital Data - The Meteosat Catalogue of Image Negatives These two catalogues are included, in a slightly modified format, into the present CD-ROM. - The Meteosat Image Bulletin which is available on a monthly basis, normally under a yearly subscription. By making use of these publications and / or the present document the user should be able to determine the availability of the data (and in many cases an assessment of its quality), the cost of purchasing the data and the procedure to be followed for obtaining the listed services. 2. METEOSAT Meteosat-1 was launched on 23 November 1977 and has been operated in geostationary orbit at 0 degree longitude until 24 November 1979 when a major onboard electronic failure prevented the recording of any further images. Meteosat-2 was launched on 19 June 1981 and operated for eight years until 11 August 1988 when it was replaced by Meteosat-3 which was launched on June 15 1988. Meteosat-3 in turn was replaced on 8 May 1989 by the first Meteosat satellite of the Operational series, MOP1. Meteosat-3 was the in-orbit back-up until the launch of MOP2. Since 1 August 1991 Meteosat-3 has been used for the Atlantic Data Coverage mission at 50 degrees West. Moved to 75 degrees West in February 1993, it performs the Extended Atlantic Data Coverage (XADC) mission through a relay station implemented by the European Space Agency at the NOAA Wallops facility. The relay station and the Darmstadt control centre are linked through a commercial telecommunication satellite located over the Atlantic Ocean. The XADC satellite is still controlled from the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt. MOP1 (renamed Meteosat-4), was launched on 6 March 1989 and became the prime satellite on 8 May 1989 for the European mission. MOP2 (renamed Meteosat-5 once in orbit) was launched on 2 March 1991. It has become the in-orbit backup for Meteosat-4 and later the prime satellite in February 1994. MOP3 (renamed Meteosat-6 once in orbit) was launched in November 1993 and is an on-orbit spare. Images of the earth's disk as seen from Meteosat are produced in three spectral bands by means of the three channels radiometer which includes: - Two identical adjacent visible channels in the 0.5 - 0.9æm spectral band (these values are valid starting with Meteosat-4; Meteosat 1 to 3 covered the band 0.4 - 1.1æm). - A thermal infrared ("window") channel in the 10.5 - 12.5æm band. - An infrared ("water vapour") channel in the 5.7 - 7.1æm water vapour absorption band. Starting with Meteosat-4, some improvements have been added to the imaging mission: - All four channels can be operated in parallel. - All channels have a back-up - All channels produce 8 bit pixels, providing information at 256 possible levels. The images are produced by making use of the rotation of the satellite at 100 rpm (providing the horizontal scan) and the stepping motion of the radiometer providing the vertical scan. Each infrared image is composed of 2500 lines of 2500 picture elements (pixel) and gives a ground resolution of 5 km at the subsatellite point. Each visible channel provides an image of 2500 lines of 5000 pixels. Thus when both visible channels are operated the ground resolution is 2.5 km. But if only one channel is in operation, which was always the case with Meteosat 1 to 3 when the water vapour channel was switched on, the resolution is 2.5 km in the east-west direction and 5 km in the north-south direction. A new scan of the earth commences every half an hour on the hour and half hour. Each scan is referred to as a slot and lasts for 25 minutes of each half hour period with the remaining 5 minutes being used for returning the radiometer to its start position (retrace) and for stabilisation of the satellite attitude. The slot number is twice the end time (UT) of a particular scan, e.g. slot starting at 0930 UT and finishing at 1000 UT is slot 20 (the actual image scan is completed by 09H55 UT). The radiometer data originating from METEOSAT are the basic source of information for most of the METEOSAT Data Services digital and photographic products. 3. THE ARCHIVE SUBSYSTEM AND DATA ARCHIVING The Archive Subsystem of the Meteosat Ground Computer System (MGCS) is dedicated to the recording and retrieval of all image data in both digital and pictorial form; other products are archived in digital form only. The precise products which are archived will be dealt with in the relevant sections of this document but it is worthwhile here to present the Archive System configuration and the processing and flow of image data into the archive. Incoming raw data from the ground station are passed to a minicomputer known as a front-end processor (FEP) where the data for each image are accepted and as a precautionary measure are also normally recorded onto 6250 bpi computer tapes, during the reception of the data, before further processing. The primary purpose of the FEP is to demultiplex the data stream into individual lines of VIS, IR or WV data. After completion of the FEP processing the data are passed to the main computer system where the deformation matrix is computed which will be used for the geometric rectification. The rectified image data is then used by the Meteorological Information Extraction Centre (MIEC) for the derivation of a series of meteorological products. In parallel the rectified image data is disseminated in analogue (WEFAX) and digital (High Resolution) forms through the satellite. Finally the demultiplexed image data, including the deformation matrices, and the derived meteorological products are copied to the cartridges used by the Archive Subsystem. This completes the nominal processing of image data from raw image form to final archiving. The photographic recording of data is performed by a VIZIRMATIC laser beam recorder which produces 20 x 20 cm negatives. A number of the images on cartridges (normally 3 slots per day) are passed to the Laser Beam Recorder (VlZIRMATIC) for the production of the photographic negatives which make up the photographic archive. 4. DIGITAL ARCHIVE Several different types of digital data are archived and available to the user. Apart from the actual digital image data there are image derived data, that is, meteorological parameters extracted from the image. This section provides information on all the digital products which are currently archived and which can be retrieved and supplied to the user. 4.1 Image Data Image data is stored in demultiplexed form. No correction is made for the different Field of View of the various sensors (IR, VIS, WV). As the channels are not mutually registered the three images corresponding to VIS, IR, WV will not cover exactly the same geographical area for a given set of line and pixel coordinates. 4.2 Rectified Image Data The archived image data files contain the related Deformation Matrix. This allows a geometric rectification to be performed at retrieval time. At the same time the channels are geometrically registered. A user may request his images to be processed in this way before being copied to the tapes or the CD-ROM which he will receive. 4.3 Image Window Data Many users have a requirement to receive only parts of images(windows) rather than full disk images. This not only reduces the amount of processing which the user has to undertake but also reduces costs since more files can be placed on one CCT. A facility exists whereby the user can request windows from any image by designating the area in terms of -starting line number (most southerly line) -number of lines required -starting pixel number (most easterly pixel) -number of pixels required in each line Each of the four parameters given is with respect to an IR image of 2500 lines x 2500 pixels. It is also possible for the user to define the area in terms of geographical coordinates (latitudes of the south and north borders and longitude of the east and west borders). A sub-area is made of scan lines of the same number of pixels, i.e. its representation on the Meteosat field of view is a rectangle. Unless otherwise requested the maximum number of files will be placed on each tape or CD-ROM within the limits of the Archive System's capability. 4.4 Meteorological Products A total of eight meteorological products are derived from Meteosat Images: - Cloud Motion Vectors (Winds) - Sea Surface Temperatures - Cloud Analysis (28 files per tape) - Climate Data Set - Upper Tropospheric Humidity - Cloud Top Height - ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) data formats - Precipitation Index The processing involved with determining each of these products is described elsewhere in the literature. With the exception of the Cloud Top Height product (which is only disseminated via the satellite as a WEFAX product) all results are archived in the form of digital files on cartridge. The first five products have been produced and archived regularly since mid 1982. The ISCCP data is available since May 1983 and the Precipitation Index since January 1986. 4.5 Retrieval of Data All products mentioned in this section are retrievable and can be supplied to the user in the form of data files on 1600 bpi CCT tape (6250 BPI tapes for the Real Time Window and the ISCCP data). The tapes and files descriptions are contained in the Meteosat System Guide, Volume 12. Most of the products will also be available on CD-ROM in the near future. Users interested by this type of media should contact the Meteosat Data Service. When requesting data the user should be careful in identifying his requirements; For image data the following information should be specified: - Is geometric rectification required or not? - Day, month, year, Slot number and / or start time (UT). - Radiometer channel(s) (IR, VIS, WV). If VIS data is required, is the FULL resolution required? FULL VIS resolution is available only in conjunction with rectified data. - Geographical limits of the sub-area if applicable. It is also useful to provide alternatives in case the required slot has not been archived or is considered to be of poor quality. 4.6 Real Time Window The possibility exists to perform a separate archive for a specific area. This is of interest to those users who require more than a few slots per day over a long period. See section 6.2, Item 20, for more details. 5. PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE 5.1 Basic Product After transfer of image data from the archive subsystem to CCT the data are passed to the VIZIRMATIC laser beam photographic recorder. Under normal processing conditions the recorder can produce 20 x 20 cm pictorial negative transparencies of the full disk for each available radiometer channel. Each image contains up to 32 possible grey levels. The WV and IR images are reversed (i.e. pixel amplitude A is replaced by 255-A) before recording so that positive prints of the IR image will look similar to the VISIBLE image, with high clouds white and the sea dark. The WV will show high water vapour in the upper troposphere as white (the pattern is frequently similar to the high clouds in the IR) and low water vapour content as black. 5.2 Computer Enlargements The full disk negatives produced by the VIZIRMATIC form the basis for the archive of photographic data. However, it is also possible to produce photographic sub-areas of images to the fixed formats (standard windows) shown in file PHOTOWIN (Directory YXTRA\PHOTOWIN) which can be displayed using the utility MIAOU. Most windows which are produced are archived and catalogued according to their sub-area. All archived digital images can be used to produce photographic images in 20 x 20 cm. The full disk is split into 8x8 elements for the purpose of producing enlargements. Areas made up from 1,4, or 16 elements are defined as A,B or C areas respectively. The areas are described by two figures which define the upper left-hand corner in terms of line and column respectively. 'A' areas are not possible for WV and IR images. 6. LIST OF METEOSAT PRODUCTS 6.1 Photographic Products Item 1 Contact Paper Copy 20 x 20 Cm The positive contact copy is performed from an already existing negative. If the negative does not already exist, it must be ordered under Item 3. Full Disk images or computer enlarged sub-areas can be provided from any of the three spectral channels. Item 2 Contact Paper Copy 40 x 40 Cm The positive contact copy is produced from an already existing negative. Negatives of this size can no longer be produced. Item 3 Original negative 20 x 20 Cm or Contact Paper Copy 20 x 20 Cm of a new negative The original negative is produced on a Laser Beam Recorder. Full Disk images or sub-areas can be retrieved. Item 15 Meteosat Image Bulletin The Meteosat Image Bulletin is a monthly printed publication which contains for each day on a double A4 page: - One Visible, one Infra-red and one Water Vapour image, taken in principle at 12h00. - The catalogue of the images acquired that day and available from the digital archive. - The catalogue of the Full Disk image negatives available in the photographic archive for that day at the time of printing the Bulletin. Paper contact prints can he obtained from these negatives as Items 1. Users interested in the Meteosat Bulletin usually place yearly subscriptions. 6.2 Digital Products Item 10 Compatible Tape 1600 bpi A 2400 foot CCT containing one full resolution image in one spectral channel. Full Disk images and sub-areas are available. The sub-areas can be tailored exactly according to the user's requirements. The cost of this tape includes material, handling and administrative charges. The unit cost is decreased for those tapes in one given order which are in excess of 15. Item 11 Image File on CCT Each image in one spectral channel copied to the above CCT in addition to the first one (the cost of the first image on each tape is already included in the tape cost). The images are always full resolution as delivered by the spacecraft. Full disk images and sub-areas are available. The sub-areas can be tailored exactly according to the user's requirements. Only the sub-areas which are made of more than 1250 IR or WV scan lines or more than 2500 VIS scan lines are included under this item. Up to 37 images, depending on the image size, can be placed on one tape. Examples of tape capacity for Full Disk images: 1 VIS Full Resolution or 2 VIS Half Resolution (in the N/S direction)or 4 IR or 4 WV or 1 VIS Half Resolution + 1 IR + 1 WV. Item 12 Image File on CCT, of less than 1251 IR scan lines Each additional image in one spectral channel made of less than 1251 IR or WV scan lines or less than 2501 VIS scan lines copied to the CCT described under item 10. The cost of these smaller sub-areas is less than of those sub-areas included under Item 11. Rectification of images It is possible -on user's request- to apply to the images retrieved from the digital archive the same rectification process (Nearest Neighbour) that was performed on the images disseminated in real-time. A processing fee is charged for each image delivered in rectified form. This applies to products 3, 4, 10, 11, 12. Item 13 Meteorological Product File on CCT One Meteorological Result (the results given by one MIEC run for one given product). Following products are available, which are described in detail in the document "MIEC Processing" also available from the Data Service: -Satellite Winds -Sea Surface Temperature -Upper Tropospheric Humidity -Cloud Analysis -Climatological Data Set (condensed form of image radiances). -Precipitation Index The cost of the first file on each tape is included in the tape cost (Item 10). Up to a maximum of 37 files, depending on the file size, can be placed on one tape. Item 20 Computer Compatible Tape 6250 bpi Straightforward copy of a special image archive tape of one of the following types: - ISCCP B1. One tape contains geometrically rectified Full Disk image data (all three channels) sampled at three hourly intervals over four days. The spatial resolution is reduced to 1/2 in the IR and WV channels and to 1/4 in the VIS channel (all images are made of 1250 lines of 1250 pixels). This type of archive has been implemented in support to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, hence the name. The original tapes are recycled after six months, so that only the last six months of data are available. - ISCCP B2. One tape contains geometrically rectified Full Disk image data (all three channels) sampled at three hourly intervals over one complete month. The spatial resolution is further reduced compared with the ISCCP B1 data so that individual images are made up of 416 lines of 416 pixels. The original tapes are saved over an indefinite period. - Real time Window (ALPEX Type). One tape contains all image data, full resolution, all 3 spectral channels, covering one day for a sub-area of approximately 400,000 IR scan pixels (for example 230 lines of 1920 pixels or 1035 lines of 406 pixels). The size of the window can be increased if the temporal resolution is decreased (hourly images only) or if the spatial resolution is decreased (sampling in the N-S and/or the E-W direction). This type of archive has been originally implemented in support of the Alpine Experiment in 1982. Such tapes must be ordered in advance and acquired for at least one month; the area of interest must be specified in advance. Only one geographical area can be active at any given time. 7. CATEGORIES OF USERS AND CHARGES The users belonging to states participating in the Meteosat Operational Programme are under 'Category A' and benefit from preferential charges. These preferential charges also apply to international organisations such as EUMETSAT, ECMWF, FAO, WMO, ESA. All other users are 'Category B'. The charges for digital products are given in the Meteosat Products Price List which is revised yearly. The prices valid in 1993 are presented in chapter 9 of the present document The final cost of an order depends partially of the number of magnetic tapes required. In order that the user can ascertain some idea of the costs involved in supplying data the following examples are provided: Channel Max. no. of fulldisk image Files per 1600 BPI tape IR 4 WV 4 VIS2 2 VIS1 + VIS2 1 Channel Max. no. of 512 x 512 (IR) pixels sub-areas per 1600 BPI tape IR 37 WV 37 VIS2 30 VIS1 + VIS2 15 It is possible to combine spectral channels on the same tape. It is not possible to combine full-disk and sub-areas, as it is not possible to combine different sub-areas: a new tape will be started for any new geographical area. The charges for photographic products are also given in the Meteosat Products Price List. When a user requests photographic products he should be aware that if a Laser Beam Recorder produced negative is not already in existence he will be charged for the production of the negative. The following examples illustrate this point (the prices are valid in 1993): 1 A Category A user requests the following paper contact prints in size 20 x 20 cm. He requires geometrically rectified images. (i) IR, slot 24, area C15, 26.8.79 (ii) IR, slot 18, area B14, 15.4.78 The negative for area C15 (rectified) exists: cost for paper print: DM14.-- The negative for the area B14 does not exist: cost for retrieval, rectification , production of negative: DM118.-- cost for paper contact print of area B14: DM000.-- Total cost of order: DM132.-- 2 A Category B user requests a paper contact print as well as the negative of a fulldisk VIS in size 20 x 20 cm, not rectified. cost for retrieval and production of negative: DM154.-- cost for paper print: DM21.-- Total cost of order: DM175.-- 8. PUBLICATIONS 8.1 General In addition to the services for data products the Meteosat Data Service offers information and documentation on the Meteosat Programme. A marginal cost is charged to cover production and mailing (see Item 30 of the Price List). 8.2 Further Information Requests for data, publications and any further information about the Meteosat Data Services should be addressed to: Meteosat Data Service MEP (Meteosat Exploitation Project) ESOC (European Space Operations Centre) Robert-Bosch Strasse 5 D64293 Darmstadt Federal Republic of Germany Fax: ++49 6151 903082 Requests for data, publications about ERS-1 and other polar orbiting satellites which are part of the ESA Observation of the Earth and its Environment programmes should be addressed to: Earthnet Programme Office ESRIN Via Galileo Galilei I00044 FRASCATI Italy For general information on meteorological satellite data and satellite systems please contact: The Director EUMETSAT Am Elfengrund 45 D6100 Darmstadt-Eberstadt Federal Republic of Germany 8.3 Copyright Data arising from Meteosat are protected by copyright of ESA/EUMETSAT. Any commercial use or sale of data to third parties requires the prior authorization of ESA (Meteosat Data Service) and/or EUMETSAT. 9. PRICE LIST The price list is updated yearly. METEOSAT PRODUCTS - Price List valid for the Year 1994 Prices in Deutsche Mark Category A Category B Not Not Item Product Description Rect. Rect. Rect. Rect. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 One Computer Compatible Tape, 1600 BPI, containing one image file in one channel or containing one file of Meteorological Products 203 218 305 327 Over 15 tapes in the same order, per tape 120 135 180 203 11 Each additional File on the above CCT, if more than 1250 lines long 85 100 128 150 12 Each additional window of less than 1251 lines 72 87 108 131 13 Each additional file of METEOROLOGICAL Products on the above CCT 11 NA 17 NA 20 One CCT 6250 BPI with ISCCP or Real Time Window data 300 300 450 450 Note: at the time of producing the present CD-ROM, no pricing policy had yet been established for the distribution of digital data on CD-ROM. 1 One Photographic Contact Positive (20*20 cm) from an existing Negative 14 NA 21 NA 2 One Photographic Contact Positive (40*40 cm) from an existing Negative 21 NA 32 NA 3 One Photographic Contact Positive (20*20 cm) requiring the production of a Negative 103 118 154 177 15 Image Bulletin - Monthly Issue 43 NA 65 NA 16 Catalogue (per volume) of Digital, Photographic or Meteorological data 10 NA 10 NA 30 Documentation (per volume - List available from the Meteosat Data Service) 10 NA 15 NA These Products are available from the METEOSAT Data Service, ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Straáe 5, W-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. The Category A Users belong to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, F.R. of Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, The United Kingdom. 10. INDEX Archive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 3, 6-12 Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9, 12-14 BPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 8, 11-13, 16 Catalogue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 3, 10, 16 CCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9, 11, 12, 16 Charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 11, 13, 14 Climatological Data Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Cloud Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 12 Computer Compatible Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12, 16 Contact Paper Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Earthnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 ESA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 13, 15 ESOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 15, 16 Eumetsat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 13, 15 European Space Agency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4 European Space Operations Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4, 15 Image Bulletin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 10, 16 Image File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11, 16 Infrared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 IR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 6-9, 11-14 ISCCP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 8, 12, 16 Meteorological products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 7 Meteosat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3-8, 10, 13-16 Meteosat Data Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3, 8, 15, 16 Meteosat Exploitation Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 15 Negative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 10, 14, 16 Pixel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4, 7, 9 Positive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 10, 16 Precipitation Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 12 Radiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 5, 8, 9 Raw data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Real Time Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 12 Rectification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8, 11, 14 Rectified image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 7 Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12 Satellite Winds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5, 7, 11, 12 Sea Surface Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5, 8, 14 Spectral Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Upper Tropospheric Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 12 Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16 VIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8, 11, 12, 14 Visible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9, 10 Water Vapour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4, 9, 10 WEFAX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6, 8 WV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9, 11-13