A comprehensive aerosol-cloud module is set up in the climate model
ECHAM to predict global aerosol distributions and their impact on
clouds, and two airborne field campaigns are carried out (CirrusCloudExperiment
CIRCLE-1/-2) in 2005 and 2006 to study aerosol-cirrus interaction and
radiative properties in more detail. The PAZI-2 team also participates
in the TROCCINOX
project and the LAUNCH campaign
organized
by the German Weather Service (DWD) in Lindenberg near Berlin. The
measurements are complemented by process-oriented modeling. Global
modeling is supported by efforts to provide parameterization schemes of
subgrid-scale processes controlling cirrus formation and coverage as
well as radiative impact. Basic soot formation and oxidation properties
are studied with the help of laminar flame burners and kinetic soot
models. Aircraft-type soot particles are experimentally characterized
in a high pressure combustion chamber test facility, and a module
predicting soot particle properties in jet engines is developed.
Further activities include the construction of a new global 4D aircraft
soot inventory, a new European high cloud climatology, and freezing
experiments using insoluble aerosol particles (soot, dust) in the
Karlsruhe aerosol-cloud chamber AIDA with close-to-atmospheric
conditions.
General
Information
Research in this project is performed
within DLR (Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, IPA
Oberpfaffenhofen, Institut für Verbrennungstechnik, Stuttgart, and
Institut für Antriebstechnik, Köln) and with associated
partners from Forschungszentrum
Karlsruhe (FZK, IMK-AAF), Forschungszentrum
Jülich (FZJ, ICG-1), and the Alfred-Wegener-Institut
Bremerhaven (AWI). Further partners actively joining the project
include
the University of Mainz, Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie,
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Stockholm University, ETH
Zürich, KNMI DeBilt, ECMWF Reading, IPSL/CNRS, and LaMP/CNRS.
Some externally-funded projects are
partly co-funded by PAZI-2, such as the EU-projects PARTS (ending
2004),
SCOUT-O3 (started May 2004), and QUANTIFY (started March 2005). PAZI-2
is recognized as a German contribution to the CORSAIRE cluster (Coordination of Research for the
Study
of Aircraft Impact on the Environment). The CORSAIRE activity is
coordinated by the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit,
Cambridge,
UK. PAZI-2 contributes to the COSMOS (Community Earth System Models)
initiative within its aerosol working group; COSMOS is devoted to the development
of an Earth System Model framework under the lead of MPI Hamburg.
The CIRCLE-2 campaign addresses
optical properties of aerosols and cirrus clouds and will be carried
out
in concert with our French colleagues, establishing a potentially
fruitful DLR/CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) collaboration on
this issue. The French partners (J.-F. Gayet, J. Pelon et al.) have set
up a CNES research project concerning the validation of CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder
Satellite Observations) products. The CALIPSO mission is led and
managed
by NASAs Langley Research Center for the NASA Earth System Science
Pathfinder (ESSP) program and collaborates closely with CNES, Ball
Aerospace and Technology Corporation, Hampton University, VA, and the
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) in France. Coordinated CIRCLE-2
and
CALIPSO flights will address the validation of level 2 products in fall
2006, the exact mission time depends on the actual launch date.
During the LAUNCH campaign, the goal is to carry out airborne
measurements of the spreading of persistent contrails along with the
microphysical and optical characteristics of developing
contrail-cirrus. This will support cloud- and mesocale simulations of
contrail-cirrus within PAZI-2. More detailed information on all
atmospheric measurements of the PAZI-2 project are offered at the PAZI-FALCON webpage.
PAZI-2 started January 2004 and will
end December 2007. It is a follow-on project that continues the work
from the PAZI-project which was funded over a three-years period from
July 2000 until June 2003 (see PAZI project plan
and final report, both in German). The
final report includes a list of publications 2000-2003. A
concise summary
of PAZI results is available from:
B. Kärcher et al., Particles and cirrus clouds (PAZI) - Overview of results 2000-2003. In: Proceed. European Workshop Aviation, Aerosols and Climate, R. Sausen and G.T. Amanatidis (Eds.), Air Pollution Research Report No. 83, Commission of the European Communities, 197-206, 2004.
The PAZI-2 project structure contains, besides a management workpackage, three main workpackages (HAP) and a number of workpackage activities (AP). Each AP is led by one Principal Investigator, as inidcated below. Overall coordinator is Prof Bernd Kärcher (contact).
HAP
1 Soot emissions
PI
AP 1.1 Measurement and
modeling
P. Gerlinger
AP 1.2 Global aircraft soot
inventory
M. Plohr
HAP
2 Aerosols and cirrus clouds
AP 2.1 In situ
measurements
A.
Minikin
AP 2.2 Aerosol precursor
gases
H. Schlager
AP 2.3 Remote sensing with
satellites H.
Mannstein
AP 2.4 Freezing
experiments
O.
Möhler
HAP
3 Climate
AP 3.1 Cirrus formation
processes
B. Kärcher
AP 3.2 Radiative
processes
B. Mayer
AP 3.3
Contrail-cirrus
K.
Gierens
AP 3.4 Global
modeling
J. Hendricks
The PAZI-2 project plan, including milestones and detailed workpackage
descriptions, is available here (in German).
The overall budget of PAZI-2 amounts to ~9.5 Mio. € (DLR contribution
only).
Project
reports
Minutes
of the 1st Annual Meeting, Oberpfaffenhofen, 5./6. April 2004
Minutes of the 2nd Annual Meeting, Oberpfaffenhofen, 17./18. January 2005
Minutes
of the 3rd Annual
(Mid-Term) Meeting, Oberpfaffenhofen, 27. January 2006
Flyer Midterm Results Summary
Minutes
of the 4th Annual
Meeting, Oberpfaffenhofen, 30. January 2007
Final
colloquium, Oberpfaffenhofen, 14
February 2008
Final report including list of publications (2004-2007)